Half a century ago, Joseph Campbell wrote that the hero wears a thousand faces. In the film with the monstrous budget – the live action/animated Avatar – the face count adds up to two, and one of those faces is decidedly blue with luminescent freckles.
The electronic game and cyber worlds have given us a skewed definition of what an avatar represents, but the original meaning from the Sanskrit translates “one who crosses over.”
In James Cameron’s blockbuster return to feature films, the one who crosses over would be his protagonist Jake Sully (Sam Worthington), a marine who loses the use of his legs during a tour of combat in – what else – an oil-producing country the government of which is hostile to these United States. But Sully does not give up the good fight. He’s back on duty, albeit piloting a wheel chair – in this story, an alarmingly primitive conveyance, one glaringly and most likely intentionally anachronistic given the action set so far in the future.
Expository revelations unfold in the plot of Avatar in rat-a-tat fashion from the movie’s outset. Cameron serves up far more than feats of derring-do scattered among his typical array of patented visually-stunning special effects: With a line here and there, the director makes a well-wrought point worth noting – in “Avatar,” he has something to say that should be taken for more than face value, blue or otherwise.
Make no mistake: the Titanic filmmaker who famously proclaimed himself the “king of the world” from Oscar’s main stage has fashioned a movie one part myth, one part adventure and all parts message. Never mind the Hollywood bromide about calling Western Union: Cameron doesn’t need a telegram, or a carrier pigeon, or even an overnight special delivery package. This tech-savvy storyteller lets his medium carry the message from start to finish, plot point by plot point.
As Avatar opens, Jake has rejoined his marine buddies who head through space toward an Earth-like moon called Pandora where natives are restless and resources are plentiful. One raw material in particular, the not-so-subtly-named ore, unobtainium, can be found only on Pandora and only in one conspicuous location. Cameron – who penned the script – may have employed such klutzy wordplay to tweak the sensibilities of those who may not share in his out-of-this-world view. This is undeniably a love letter to the environment.
Unobtainium is so valuable to the population of a dying planet (Earth) the marines land full force to shore up a commercial enterprise’s efforts to get the job done. But first the invading military/industrial duopoly must tolerate a little science in the name of good public relations. Sound familiar?
Jake’s assignment on Pandora straddles two sides of this divide: He’ll take the place of his dead identical twin, a scientist scheduled for a six-year deployment in the body of an avatar – a lab-grown DNA hybrid of his late brother – so that he can fit in among the natives, his consciousness embedded in the body of a Na’vi lookalike. Meantime, Jake will do covert double duty: He’ll report his findings to the badass colonel of the marine unit charged with making certain the scientists don’t let diplomacy stand in the way of their mission — loading up on buckets and buckets of that prized unobtainium.
From the moment that Jake has his first not-quite-cute meet with a Na’vi maiden named Neytiri, the story heads into the woods by turns deeper and deeper as does Jake’s Pandora-walking avatar. I won’t venture further into the plot: I hate to read reviews that spoon feed the story from beginning to end. Instead, I’ll offer you my take of the story’s smartly-scripted subtext and symbols.
Not since 1999 and The Matrix (http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9903/31/matrix/) have I come across such an accessible major motion picture so rich in mythological, literary and Judeo-Christian references. Like The Matrix, Avatar expands expectations of what a feature film can offer an appreciative audience.
Early on, Cameron lets us know that we’re following a protagonist who represents much more than what meets the eye. The Sanskrit definition – one who crosses over – refers to a deity who comes to Earth in body form. Is his Jake a Christ figure? No – he isn’t sacrificed. Does he undergo apotheosis? Oh, yeah.
Both Jake and his dead brother, Tom, have been named with a nod to the Bible. Thomas was also known as Ditimus, the original “doubting Tom,” and Jake is short for Jacob, a second-born twin whose name translates from the Hebrew as “the foot catcher.” Jacob was born in a breach birth – his hand clasping the heel of his slightly-older brother, Esau. In Avatar, Jake is a metaphorical foot-catcher: Becoming an avatar allows him the chance to walk on two feet again, if only during his cross-over or dream state.
The native population of Pandora refers to Jake and the other scientists who cross over in avatar form as “dream walkers.” The image once again mirrors Jacob’s experience wrestling in his own dreams with angels, a manifestation of a troubled spiritual relationship with his Heavenly father. Jake wrestles with his conscience: should he continue his allegiance to the marine corps even as he becomes more and more integrated as a member of the Na’vi?
Jake’s last name, “Sully,” an abbreviated form of the Irish surname, Sullivan, fits well within the framework of more than one thematic possibility. Pandora is a world which offers an abundance of enormous trees. The Na’vi are a people who derive much of their sustenance – both physical and spiritual – from the vast forests around them. Their “home tree” is a place to live; their “sacred tree” is the repository for the spirits of their ancestors and the lifeblood of their culture from the “time of the first songs.”
The team of scientists – led by Dr. Grace Augustine (Sigourney Weaver) – discovers that a root system links the trees: a sort of global network, a benevolent counterpoint to what “The Matrix” presented. But where phones provide entry to The Matrix online network – detrimental to the beings it affected – the network in Avatar is biochemical and supported by the trees’ root systems: Dr. Augustine calls it “signal transduction” like that afforded through acetylcholinesterase and neural synapses created between the cells of the human brain.
So, while “Sully” and its Irish origins may, on one level, subconsciously pay homage of sorts to the Druids and pantheism, the name also works on another level: Jake’s name is also a verb meaning to soil the purity of something. Jake’s fellow marines and the corporation which employs them seem hell bent on doing exactly that to the environment of Pandora.
Then, there’s the aspect of Pandora itself. The moon shares the name of Greek mythology’s first woman, whom legend tells us opened a container from which sprang the world’s evils – as well as one final item, hope. Like the Bible’s Eve who plucked the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge, Pandora allowed her curiosity to create havoc, though not through any malice on her part.
The curious creature in Avatar is Sigourney Weaver’s character, Dr. Grace Augustine. Once more, filmmaker Cameron has donned his philosopher’s cap: the Catholic Church’s St. Augustine expounded his belief that only through the grace of God could man escape the damnation of original sin. He also believed in the concept of a “just war.” Jake – fully accepted as a member of the Na’vi – will eventually lead the natives in just such a fight against the military/industrial might set against their world.
Cameron practices almost Dickensian delight in naming his characters: Zoe Saldana’s Neytiri (nature); Dr. Norm Spellman (normal for him is studying hard). The Na’vi lack only a consonant and vowel short of spelling “native.” Then, there’s the wicked humor in naming the cold-hearted, crassly commercial industrial big shot, Giovanni Ribisi’s selfish Selfridge (he’s both self-centered and frigid). Is it going too far to suggest the Na’vi names Eytukan and Tsu’tey hold similar meanings? I have my theories, but I’ll not push it.
Beyond the environmental concern Cameron exposes in Avatar, he gives the ticket buyer plenty to ponder. Along with his veiled reference to our dependence on oil from countries such as Iraq and Venezuela, Cameron takes a cinematic swipe at the debate to provide affordable health benefits for all. Sully can get his legs back when and if he returns to Earth, but only at a price: Science has found a way to regenerate his spine, but not on a grunt’s pay. If he plays ball with the colonel, strings can be pulled: “You get me what I need, and I’ll get you your legs back when you rotate home. Your real legs.”
How are we introduced to Dr. Augustine? Her first line reads: “What’s wrong with this picture?” as she holds her hand out waiting for a cigarette, something she smokes like a chimney throughout her time on screen.
For all the brain-power that went into writing this script, one glaring error caught my attention, and I’ll admit I’m being pickier-than-picky here. But I caught it, and for the briefest of moments, the mistake took me out of the movie. Dr. Max Patel, one of Augustine’s team of scientists, gives Jake this advice: “Try and use big words,” he says of a way to impress the dubious Dr. Augustine. I would hope someone with a doctorate and with advice on sounding smart would say, “Try to use big words.”
James Cameron’s latest effort employs all the motion capture magic the folks at New Zealand’s WETA Workshop can muster. But we’ve become accustomed to expecting visual feasts from them after a trilogy called The Lord of the Rings. Expensive, yes: some have estimated the budget for Avatar anywhere from three to four hundred million dollars. After the first month in theaters, the box office take should make Cameron’s spending spree look like a no-brainer.
Aside from the costly gee whiz special effects running throughout this blockbuster’s nearly three-hour span, what remains most salient: a deliciously-smart script and story.
What starts out looking a lot like Pocahontas and Captain John Smith morphs quickly into its own tale for the ages – especially if awards come calling in its wake a la Titanic. Cameron may not make as big a splash this time out, but the numbers are in. So, should he stand with hands aloft and continue to shout that he’s king of the hill, it will take something bigger than his blue-in-the-face hero to shut him up and knock him down.